Every piece, findable.

Essay135

• Spinoza and the Freedom of NecessityEssay · 26 min read
• The Tyranny of Hope and FearEssay · 25 min read
• Spinoza's God Against the God of FearEssay · 19 min read
• Freedom as the Understanding of NecessityEssay · 17 min read
• Why Spinoza Is the Philosopher of Emotional MasteryEssay · 14 min read
• The Death of Free Will and the Birth of Human PowerEssay · 11 min read
• Spinoza's Critique of MoralismEssay · 12 min read
• The Conatus: Spinoza's Theory of Ambition, Survival, and GreatnessEssay · 13 min read
• Spinoza Against VictimhoodEssay · 19 min read
• Blessedness Without HeavenEssay · 12 min read
• Spinoza's Philosophy of MoneyEssay · 9 min read
• Spinoza and the Market: Why Price Reveals Desire, Not TruthEssay · 6 min read
• Spinoza's Political RealismEssay · 7 min read
• Democracy as the Most Natural RegimeEssay · 8 min read
• Spinoza and Anxiety: The Mind Under Siege by Inadequate IdeasEssay · 7 min read
• Spinoza's Rejection of Final CausesEssay · 7 min read
• The Intellectual Love of GodEssay · 6 min read
• Spinoza Against the Cult of PersonalityEssay · 8 min read
• The Learned Fool: Spinoza's Warning Against Intelligence Without WisdomEssay · 10 min read
• Spinoza for BuildersEssay · 16 min read
• Spinoza Against the Empire of ContingencyEssay · 17 min read
• The Geometry of Inner FreedomEssay · 14 min read
• Spinoza and the Death of Self-PityEssay · 11 min read
• The Tyranny of the Imagination in Spinoza's EthicsEssay · 11 min read
• Why Spinoza Is More Dangerous Than the StoicsEssay · 9 min read
• The Free Man Thinks Least of DeathEssay · 6 min read
• Spinoza's God Without ConsolationEssay · 6 min read
• The Intellectual Love of God as the Highest Human PowerEssay · 5 min read
• Spinoza and the Machinery of DesireEssay · 5 min read
• Against the Kingdom Within a KingdomEssay · 5 min read
• Spinoza's Cure for EnvyEssay · 5 min read
• The Politics of Fear in SpinozaEssay · 5 min read
• Spinoza and the Courage to See ClearlyEssay · 5 min read
• The Human Body as the Hidden Foundation of the MindEssay · 4 min read
• Spinoza's Critique of Moral OutrageEssay · 4 min read
• The Ethics of Becoming Less ReactiveEssay · 4 min read
• Spinoza and the False Freedom of OpinionEssay · 4 min read
• The Blessed Life Without IllusionEssay · 5 min read
• Spinoza's War Against SuperstitionEssay · 4 min read
• To Understand Is to Be TransformedEssay · 5 min read
• Spinoza and the Architecture of RealityEssay · 11 min read
• Why Spinoza Hated Confusion More Than SinEssay · 8 min read
• The Mind as an Idea of the BodyEssay · 6 min read
• Spinoza's Rebellion Against Free WillEssay · 7 min read
• The Myth of Personal SovereigntyEssay · 5 min read
• Spinoza and the End of BlameEssay · 5 min read
• The Mathematics of PeaceEssay · 4 min read
• The Passions as Misunderstood PowerEssay · 4 min read
• The Conatus Doctrine and the Will to PersistEssay · 4 min read
• Spinoza's Philosophy of StrengthEssay · 3 min read
• Joy as Ontological ExpansionEssay · 3 min read
• Sadness as Diminished BeingEssay · 3 min read
• Spinoza Against Romantic SufferingEssay · 3 min read
• The Ethics of Emotional CausalityEssay · 3 min read
• Spinoza's Critique of HopeEssay · 4 min read
• The Bondage of ExpectationEssay · 3 min read
• Spinoza and the Discipline of AttentionEssay · 4 min read
• The Imagination as Necessary IllusionEssay · 4 min read
• Memory, Association, and Emotional HabitEssay · 3 min read
• Spinoza's Theory of Human WeaknessEssay · 4 min read
• The Free Man and the Slave of PassionEssay · 4 min read
• Spinoza and the Refusal of VictimhoodEssay · 3 min read
• The Ethics of Not Taking Things PersonallyEssay · 4 min read
• Spinoza's Antidote to HumiliationEssay · 4 min read
• The Philosophy of Not FlinchingEssay · 4 min read
• Spinoza and the Sovereignty of ReasonEssay · 3 min read
• Freedom as Participation in NecessityEssay · 4 min read
• Spinoza's War on Moral SuperstitionEssay · 3 min read
• Good and Evil as Human MeasuresEssay · 4 min read
• The Illusion of Cosmic RewardEssay · 3 min read
• Spinoza and the Death of ProvidenceEssay · 4 min read
• The God Who Does Not ChooseEssay · 4 min read
• The Scandal of Deus sive NaturaEssay · 4 min read
• Spinoza and the Silence of NatureEssay · 4 min read
• The Ethics of Living Without Final CausesEssay · 4 min read
• Spinoza Against the Human CenterEssay · 4 min read
• The Free Mind in an Unfree WorldEssay · 4 min read
• Spinoza and the Politics of ObedienceEssay · 4 min read
• The Crowd, the Prophet, and the PhilosopherEssay · 4 min read
• Spinoza's Defense of Free ThoughtEssay · 4 min read
• The Theological-Political ProblemEssay · 4 min read
• Spinoza and the Psychology of the MassesEssay · 4 min read
• Fear as the Foundation of TyrannyEssay · 4 min read
• Superstition as Emotional TechnologyEssay · 3 min read
• Spinoza and the Anatomy of FanaticismEssay · 3 min read
• The Rational State and the Irrational CitizenEssay · 4 min read
• Spinoza's Democratic InstinctEssay · 3 min read
• Power, Right, and NatureEssay · 4 min read
• Spinoza and the Limits of LawEssay · 3 min read
• The Ethics of Intellectual IndependenceEssay · 3 min read
• Spinoza and the Spirituality of UnderstandingEssay · 3 min read
• The Eternal Part of the MindEssay · 4 min read
• Salvation Without HeavenEssay · 3 min read
• The Intellectual Love of God as Rational EcstasyEssay · 3 min read
• Spinoza and the Serenity of the Strong MindEssay · 3 min read
• The Discipline of Seeing CausesEssay · 3 min read
• Spinoza's Cure for ResentmentEssay · 4 min read
• The Ethics of Becoming Useful to OthersEssay · 3 min read
• Spinoza and the Noble Use of AmbitionEssay · 3 min read
• The Life of Reason as the Highest Form of PowerEssay · 3 min read
• The Businessperson Is Not Free Until He Understands the SystemEssay · 4 min read
• Conatus: The Drive Beneath Every CompanyEssay · 3 min read
• Joy and Sadness as Business MetricsEssay · 3 min read
• The Tyranny of Reactive LeadershipEssay · 3 min read
• The Free Businessperson Thinks Least of FailureEssay · 3 min read
• Ambition Without SlaveryEssay · 3 min read
• The Businessperson Against Vanity MetricsEssay · 3 min read
• Understanding Incentives Is Understanding NatureEssay · 3 min read
• The Client as a Cause, Not a KingEssay · 3 min read
• Pricing as Self-KnowledgeEssay · 3 min read
• The Marketplace Does Not Hate YouEssay · 3 min read
• A Company Is an Emotional RegimeEssay · 3 min read
• The Rational Use of Anger in BusinessEssay · 3 min read
• From Hustle to Adequate CauseEssay · 3 min read
• The Founder's Greatest Enemy Is Confused DesireEssay · 3 min read
• Spinoza's Ethics of DelegationEssay · 3 min read
• The Business Value of Emotional Non-DependenceEssay · 3 min read
• Partnerships, Power, and Mutual UtilityEssay · 3 min read
• Against Magical Thinking in EntrepreneurshipEssay · 3 min read
• The Blessed BusinesspersonEssay · 3 min read
• Adequate Ideas: A Field ManualEssay · 4 min read
• Social Media as an Affect-Amplification MachineEssay · 4 min read
• Spinoza on LoveEssay · 4 min read
• Why Spinoza Wrote in Geometric OrderEssay · 4 min read
• The Illusion of SecurityEssay · 4 min read
• Spinoza on DeathEssay · 4 min read
• The Spinozan ParentEssay · 4 min read
• Spinoza on SuicideEssay · 5 min read
• Why the Stoic Shortcut FailsEssay · 5 min read
• The Excommunication of SpinozaEssay · 4 min read
• Spinoza and NietzscheEssay · 5 min read
• Spinoza on WomenEssay · 4 min read
• Spinoza on AnimalsEssay · 5 min read
• The Causes That Produce PerformanceEssay · 15 min read
• Calm Your Minds, Calm Your FearsEssay · 20 min read

Secret Discourse55

• I. The Spinozan in SocietySecret Discourse · behind the gate
• II. The Strategy of ConstraintSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• II. The Architecture of IgnoranceSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• III. The Velocity of DecisionSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• IV. The Economics of the Repeat EngagementSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• V. The Theater of StrategySecret Discourse · behind the gate
• VI. The Suicide of CandorSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• VII. The Conatus of the FirmSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• VIII. The Imitation of Affects in MarketsSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• IX. The Inadequacy of MetricsSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• X. What Actually MattersSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XI. The Removal of All IllusionsSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XII. The Illusion of the Minimum WageSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XIII. The Inflation of Inadequate IdeasSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XIV. The False BinarySecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XV. The Welfare State and the ConatusSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XVI. The Market as ModeSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XVII. The Spinozan TraderSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XVIII. The Prop Firm GeometrySecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XIX. Billion-Dollar Secrets as Told by SpinozaSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XXI. The Kalshi EuclideanSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XXII. The Servitude of Career AdviceSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XXIII. There Is Only One ThingSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XXIV. You Are Not FreeSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XXV. Your Mind Is Your BodySecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XXVI. God Has No WillSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XXVII. Good and Evil Are Not RealSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XXVIII. You Are Eternal Right NowSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XXIX. Emotions Are Physical EventsSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XXX. The State Is a Single IndividualSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XXXI. Reason Alone Cannot Defeat EmotionSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XXXII. Blessedness Is Not a Reward for VirtueSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XXXIII. The Illusion of Intrinsic ValueSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XXXIV. The Spinozan Day TraderSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XXXV. Spinoza's Blueprint for LifeSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XXXVI. The Illusion of the SelfSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XXXVII. The Illusion of StatusSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XXXVIII. The Illusion of ReputationSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XXXIX. The Illusion of the FutureSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XL. The Illusion of CertaintySecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XLI. The Illusion of HappinessSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XLII. The Illusion of AmbitionSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XLIII. The Illusion of HealthSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XLIV. The Illusion of ObjectivitySecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XLV. The Causal Architecture of Fat LossSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XLVI. The Bodybuilder's ConatusSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XLVII. The Spinozan FormulasSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• The Irony of Jesus ChristSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• XLIX. The Stoics Were WrongSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• L. The Adipose EconomySecret Discourse · behind the gate
• LI. The Revolt of the UnpricedSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• LII. The Cheerfulness That Is Not PleasureSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• LIII. Nothing Is More Useful to Man Than ManSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• LIV. A Body That Can Do Many ThingsSecret Discourse · behind the gate
• LV. The Lens Grinder's AnswerSecret Discourse · behind the gate

Beyond10

• I. The One Substance: Spinoza's Monism and Modern PhysicsTo Spinoza and Beyond · companion essay
• II. The Illusion of Free Will: Spinoza's Determinism and Modern NeuroscienceTo Spinoza and Beyond · companion essay
• III. The Mind in the Body: Parallelism and Embodied CognitionTo Spinoza and Beyond · companion essay
• IV. The Striving: Conatus and Evolutionary BiologyTo Spinoza and Beyond · companion essay
• V. The Architecture of Feeling: Affects and Affective NeuroscienceTo Spinoza and Beyond · companion essay
• VI. The Predictive Mind: Adequate Ideas and the Bayesian BrainTo Spinoza and Beyond · companion essay
• VII. Freedom Through Understanding: Spinoza's Therapy and Modern CBTTo Spinoza and Beyond · companion essay
• VIII. The Intellectual Love of God: From Spinoza to SaganTo Spinoza and Beyond · companion essay
• IX. The Two Minds: Imagination, Reason, and Dual-Process TheoryTo Spinoza and Beyond · companion essay
• X. The Eternal Mind: Information Physics and Spinoza's Hardest DoctrineTo Spinoza and Beyond · companion essay

Ethics365

• Definition I: By that which is self, caused, I mean that of which the essence involves…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Definition II: A thing is called finite after its kind, when it can be limited by another thing…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Definition III: By substance, I mean that which is in itself, and is conceived through itself…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Definition IV: By attribute, I mean that which the intellect perceives as constituting the…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Definition V: By mode, I mean the modifications[1] of substance, or that which exists in, and…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Definition VI: By God, I mean a being absolutely infinite, that is, a substance consisting in…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Definition VII: That thing is called free, which exists solely by the necessity of its own…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Definition VIII: By eternity, I mean existence itself, in so far as it is conceived necessarily…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Axiom I: Everything which exists, exists either in itself or in something else.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Axiom II: That which cannot be conceived through anything else must be conceived through itself.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Axiom III: From a given definite cause an effect necessarily follows; and, on the other hand…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Axiom IV: The knowledge of an effect depends on and involves the knowledge of a cause.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Axiom V: Things which have nothing in common cannot be understood, the one by means of the…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Axiom VI: A true idea must correspond with its ideate or object.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Axiom VII: If a thing can be conceived as non, existing, its essence does not involve existence.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. I: Substance is by nature prior to its modifications.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. II: Two substances, whose attributes are different, have nothing in common.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. III: Things which have nothing in common cannot be one the cause of the other.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. IV: Two or more distinct things are distinguished one from the other, either by the…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. V: There cannot exist in the universe two or more substances having the same nature or…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. VI: One substance cannot be produced by another substance.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. VII: Existence belongs to the nature of substances.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. VIII: Every substance is necessarily infinite.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. IX: The more reality or being a thing has, the greater the number of its attributes (Def…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. X: Each particular attribute of the one substance must be conceived through itself.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. XI: God, or substance, consisting of infinite attributes, of which each expresses eternal…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. XII: No attribute of substance can be conceived from which it would follow that substance…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. XIII: Substance absolutely infinite is indivisible.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. XIV: Besides God no substance can be granted or conceived.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. XV: Whatsoever is, is in God, and without God nothing can be, or be conceived.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. XVI: From the necessity of the divine nature must follow an infinite number of things in…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. XVII: God acts solely by the laws of his own nature, and is not constrained by anyone.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. XVIII: God is the indwelling and not the transient cause of all things.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. XIX: God, and all the attributes of God, are eternal.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. XX: The existence of God and his essence are one and the same.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. XXI: All things which follow from the absolute nature of any attribute of God must always…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. XXII: Whatsoever follows from any attribute of God, in so far as it is modified by a…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. XXIII: Every mode, which exists both necessarily and as infinite, must necessarily follow…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. XXIV: The essence of things produced by God does not involve existence.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. XXV: God is the efficient cause not only of the existence of things, but also of their…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. XXVI: A thing which is conditioned to act in a particular manner, has necessarily been…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. XXVII: A thing, which has been conditioned by God to act in a particular way, cannot…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. XXVIII: Every individual thing, or everything which is finite and has a conditioned…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. XXIX: Nothing in the universe is contingent, but all things are conditioned to exist and…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. XXX: Intellect, in function (actu) finite, or in function infinite, must comprehend the…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. XXXI: The intellect in function, whether finite or infinite, as will, desire, love, &c…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. XXXII: Will cannot be called a free cause, but only a necessary cause.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. XXXIII: Things could not have been brought into being by God in any manner or in any…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. XXXIV: God's power is identical with his essence.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. XXXV: Whatsoever we conceive to be in the power of God, necessarily exists.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Prop. XXXVI: There is no cause from whose nature some effect does not follow.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 1
• Definition I: By body I mean a mode which expresses in a certain determinate manner the essence…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Definition II: I consider as belonging to the essence of a thing that, which being given, the…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Definition III: By idea, I mean the mental conception which is formed by the mind as a thinking…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Definition IV: By an adequate idea, I mean an idea which, in so far as it is considered in…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Definition V: Duration is the indefinite continuance of existing.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Definition VI: Reality and perfection I use as synonymous terms.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Definition VII: By particular things, I mean things which are finite and have a conditioned…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Axiom I: The essence of man does not involve necessary existence, that is, it may, in the order…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Axiom II: Man thinks.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Axiom III: Modes of thinking, such as love, desire, or any other of the passions, do not take…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Axiom IV: We perceive that a certain body is affected in many ways.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Axiom V: We feel and perceive no particular things, save bodies and modes of thought. N.B. The…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. I: Thought is an attribute of God, or God is a thinking thing.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. II: Extension is an attribute of God, or God is an extended thing.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. III: In God there is necessarily the idea not only of his essence, but also of all things…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. IV: The idea of God, from which an infinite number of things follow in infinite ways, can…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. V: The actual being of ideas owns God as its cause, only in so far as he is considered as…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. VI: The modes of any given attribute are caused by God, in so far as he is considered…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. VII: The order and connection of ideas is the same as the order and connection of things.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. VIII: The ideas of particular things, or of modes, that do not exist, must be…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. IX: The idea of an individual thing actually existing is caused by God, not in so far as…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. X: The being of substance does not appertain to the essence of man, in other words…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XI: The first element, which constitutes the actual being of the human mind, is the idea…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XII: Whatsoever comes to pass in the object of the idea, which constitutes the human…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XIII: The object of the idea constituting the human mind is the body, in other words a…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Axiom I: All bodies are either in motion or at rest.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Axiom II: Every body is moved sometimes more slowly, sometimes more quickly.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Lemma I: Bodies are distinguished from one another in respect of motion and rest, quickness and…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Lemma II: All bodies agree in certain respects.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Lemma III: A body in motion or at rest must be determined to motion or rest by another body…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Lemma IV: If from a body or individual, compounded of several bodies, certain bodies be…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Lemma V: If the parts composing an individual become greater or less, but in such proportion…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Lemma VI: If certain bodies composing an individual be compelled to change the motion, which…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Lemma VII: Furthermore, the individual thus composed preserves its nature, whether it be, as a…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Postulate I: The human body is composed of a number of individual parts, of diverse nature…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Postulate II: Of the individual parts composing the human body some are fluid, some soft, some…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Postulate III: The individual parts composing the human body, and consequently the human body…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Postulate IV: The human body stands in need for its preservation of a number of other bodies…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Postulate V: When the fluid part of the human body is determined by an external body to impinge…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Postulate VI: The human body can move external bodies, and arrange them in a variety of ways.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XIV: The human mind is capable of perceiving a great number of things, and is so in…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XV: The idea, which constitutes the actual being of the human mind, is not simple, but…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XVI: The idea of every mode, in which the human body is affected by external bodies, must…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XVII: If the human body is affected in a manner which involves the nature of any external…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XVIII: If the human body has once been affected by two or more bodies at the same time…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XIX: The human mind has no knowledge of the body, and does not know it to exist, save…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XX: The idea or knowledge of the human mind is also in God, following in God in the same…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XXI: This idea of the mind is united to the mind in the same way as the mind is united to…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XXII: The human mind perceives not only the modifications of the body, but also the ideas…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XXIII: The mind does not know itself, except in so far as it perceives the ideas of the…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XXIV: The human mind does not involve an adequate knowledge of the parts composing the…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XXV: The idea of each modification of the human body does not involve an adequate…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XXVI: The human mind does not perceive any external body as actually existing, except…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XXVII: The idea of each modification of the human body does not involve an adequate…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XXVIII: The ideas of the modifications of the human body, in so far as they have…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XXIX: The idea of the idea of each modification of the human body does not involve an…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XXX: We can only have a very inadequate knowledge of the duration of our body.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XXXI: We can only have a very inadequate knowledge of the duration of particular things…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XXXII: All ideas, in so far as they are referred to God, are true.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XXXIII: There is nothing positive in ideas, which causes them to be called false.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XXXIV: Every idea, which in us is absolute or adequate and perfect, is true.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XXXV: Falsity consists in the privation of knowledge, which inadequate, fragmentary, or…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XXXVI: Inadequate and confused ideas follow by the same necessity, as adequate or clear…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XXXVII: That which is common to all (cf. Lemma II. above), and which is equally in a…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XXXVIII: Those things, which are common to all, and which are equally in a part and in…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XXXIX: That, which is common to and a property of the human body and such other bodies as…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XL: Whatsoever ideas in the mind follow from ideas which are therein adequate, are also…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XLI: Knowledge of the first kind is the only source of falsity, knowledge of the second…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XLII: Knowledge of the second and third kinds, not knowledge of the first kind, teaches…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XLIII: He, who has a true idea, simultaneously knows that he has a true idea, and cannot…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XLIV: It is not in the nature of reason to regard things as contingent, but as necessary.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XLV: Every idea of every body, or of every particular thing actually existing…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XLVI: The knowledge of the eternal and infinite essence of God which every idea involves…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XLVII: The human mind has an adequate knowledge of the eternal and infinite essence of…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XLVIII: In the mind there is no absolute or free will; but the mind is determined to wish…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Prop. XLIX: There is in the mind no volition or affirmation and negation, save that which an…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 2
• Definition I: By an adequate cause, I mean a cause through which its effect can be clearly and…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition II: I say that we act when anything takes place, either within us or externally to…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition III: By emotion I mean the modifications of the body, whereby the active power of…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Postulate I: The human body can be affected in many ways, whereby its power of activity is…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Postulate II: The human body can undergo many changes, and, nevertheless, retain the…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. I: Our mind is in certain cases active, and in certain cases passive. In so far as it has…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. II: Body cannot determine mind to think, neither can mind determine body to motion or…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. III: The activities of the mind arise solely from adequate ideas; the passive states of…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. IV: Nothing can be destroyed, except by a cause external to itself.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. V: Things are naturally contrary, that is, cannot exist in the same object, in so far as…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. VI: Everything, in so far as it is in itself, endeavours to persist in its own being.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. VII: The endeavour, wherewith everything endeavours to persist in its own being, is…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. VIII: The endeavour, whereby a thing endeavours to persist in its own being, involves no…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. IX: The mind, both in so far as it has clear and distinct ideas, and also in so far as it…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. X: An idea, which excludes the existence of our body, cannot be postulated in our mind…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XI: Whatsoever increases or diminishes, helps or hinders the power of activity in our…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XII: The mind, as far as it can, endeavours to conceive those things, which increase or…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XIII: When the mind conceives things which diminish or hinder the body's power of…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XIV: If the mind has once been affected by two emotions at the same time, it will…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XV: Anything can, accidentally, be the cause of pleasure, pain, or desire.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XVI: Simply from the fact that we conceive, that a given object has some point of…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XVII: If we conceive that a thing, which is wont to affect us painfully, has any point of…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XVIII: A man is as much affected pleasurably or painfully by the image of a thing past or…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XIX: He who conceives that the object of his love is destroyed will feel pain; if he…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XX: He who conceives that the object of his hate is destroyed will also feel pleasure.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XXI: He who conceives, that the object of his love is affected pleasurably or painfully…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XXII: If we conceive that anything pleasurably affects some object of our love, we shall…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XXIII: He who conceives, that an object of his hatred is painfully affected, will feel…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XXIV: If we conceive that anyone pleasurably affects an object of our hate, we shall feel…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XXV: We endeavour to affirm, concerning ourselves, and concerning what we love…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XXVI: We endeavour to affirm, concerning that which we hate, everything which we conceive…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XXVII: By the very fact that we conceive a thing, which is like ourselves, and which we…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XXVIII: We endeavour to bring about whatsoever we conceive to conduce to pleasure; but we…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XXIX: We shall also endeavour to do whatsoever we conceive men[6] to regard with…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XXX: If anyone has done something which he conceives as affecting other men pleasurably…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XXXI: If we conceive that anyone loves, desires, or hates anything which we ourselves…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XXXII: If we conceive that anyone takes delight in something, which only one person can…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XXXIII: When we love a thing similar to ourselves we endeavour, as far as we can, to…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XXXIV: The greater the emotion with which we conceive a loved object to be affected…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XXXV: If anyone conceives, that an object of his love joins itself to another with closer…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XXXVI: He who remembers a thing, in which he has once taken delight, desires to possess…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XXXVII: Desire arising through pain or pleasure, hatred or love, is greater in proportion…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XXXVIII: If a man has begun to hate an object of his love, so that love is thoroughly…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XXXIX: He who hates anyone will endeavour to do him an injury, unless he fears that a…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XL: He, who conceives himself to be hated by another, and believes that he has given him…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XLI: If anyone conceives that he is loved by another, and believes that he has given no…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XLII: He who has conferred a benefit on anyone from motives of love or honour will feel…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XLIII: Hatred is increased by being reciprocated, and can on the other hand be destroyed…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XLIV: Hatred which is completely vanquished by love passes into love: and love is…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XLV: If a man conceives, that anyone similar to himself hates anything also similar to…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XLVI: If a man has been affected pleasurably or painfully by anyone, of a class or nation…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XLVII: Joy arising from the fact, that anything we hate is destroyed, or suffers other…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XLVIII: Love or hatred towards, for instance, Peter is destroyed, if the pleasure…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. XLIX: Love or hatred towards a thing, which we conceive to be free, must, other…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. L: Anything whatever can be, accidentally, a cause of hope or fear.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. LI: Different men may be differently affected by the same object, and the same man may be…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. LII: An object which we have formerly seen in conjunction with others, and which we do…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. LIII: When the mind regards itself and its own power of activity, it feels pleasure: and…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. LIV: The mind endeavours to conceive only such things as assert its power of activity.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. LV: When the mind contemplates its own weakness, it feels pain thereat.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. LVI: There are as many kinds of pleasure, of pain, of desire, and of every emotion…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. LVII: Any emotion of a given individual differs from the emotion of another individual…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. LVIII: Besides pleasure and desire, which are passivities or passions, there are other…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Prop. LIX: Among all the emotions attributable to the mind as active, there are none which…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion I: Desire is the actual essence of man, in so far as it is conceived…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion II: Pleasure is the transition of a man from a less to a greater…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion III: Pain is the transition of a man from a greater to a less…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion IV: Wonder is the conception (imaginatio) of anything, wherein the…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion V: Contempt is the conception of anything which touches the mind so…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion VI: Love is pleasure, accompanied by the idea of an external cause.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion VII: Hatred is pain, accompanied by the idea of an external cause.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion VIII: Inclination is pleasure, accompanied by the idea of something…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion IX: Aversion is pain, accompanied by the idea of something which is…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion X: Devotion is love towards one whom we admire.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XI: Derision is pleasure arising from our conceiving the presence of…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XII: Hope is an inconstant pleasure, arising from the idea of…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XIII: Fear is an inconstant pain arising from the idea of something…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XIV: Confidence is pleasure arising from the idea of something past…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XV: Despair is pain arising from the idea of something past or…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XVI: Joy is pleasure accompanied by the idea of something past, which…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XVII: Disappointment is pain accompanied by the idea of something…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XVIII: Pity is pain accompanied by the idea of evil, which has…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XIX: Approval is love towards one who has done good to another.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XX: Indignation is hatred towards one who has done evil to another.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XXI: Partiality is thinking too highly of anyone because of the love…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XXII: Disparagement is thinking too meanly of anyone because we hate…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XXIII: Envy is hatred, in so far as it induces a man to be pained by…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XXIV: Sympathy (misericordia) is love, in so far as it induces a man…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XXV: Self, approval is pleasure arising from a man's contemplation of…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XXVI: Humility is pain arising from a man's contemplation of his own…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XXVII: Repentance is pain accompanied by the idea of some action…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XXVIII: Pride is thinking too highly of one's self from self, love.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XXIX: Self, abasement is thinking too meanly of one's self by reason…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XXX: Honour[11] is pleasure accompanied by the idea of some action of…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XXXI: Shame is pain accompanied by the idea of some action of our…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XXXII: Regret is the desire or appetite to possess something, kept…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XXXIII: Emulation is the desire of something, engendered in us by our…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XXXIV: Thankfulness or Gratitude is the desire or zeal springing from…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XXXV: Benevolence is the desire of benefiting one whom we pity. Cf…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XXXVI: Anger is the desire, whereby through hatred we are induced to…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XXXVII: Revenge is the desire whereby we are induced, through mutual…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XXXVIII: Cruelty or savageness is the desire, whereby a man is…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XXXIX: Timidity is the desire to avoid a greater evil, which we…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XL: Daring is the desire, whereby a man is set on to do something…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XLI: Cowardice is attributed to one, whose desire is checked by the…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XLII: Consternation is attributed to one, whose desire of avoiding…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XLIII: Courtesy, or deference (Humanitas seu modestia), is the desire…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XLIV: Ambition is the immoderate desire of power.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XLV: Luxury is excessive desire, or even love of living sumptuously.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XLVI: Intemperance is the excessive desire and love of drinking.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XLVII: Avarice is the excessive desire and love of riches.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition of the emotion XLVIII: Lust is desire and love in the matter of sexual intercourse.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• General definition of the emotions: Emotion, which is called a passivity of the soul, is a…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 3
• Definition I: By good I mean that which we certainly know to be useful to us.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Definition II: By evil I mean that which we certainly know to be a hindrance to us in the…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Definition III: Particular things I call contingent in so far as, while regarding their essence…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Definition IV: Particular things I call possible in so far as, while regarding the causes…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Definition V: By conflicting emotions I mean those which draw a man in different directions…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Definition VI: What I mean by emotion felt towards a thing, future, present, and past, I…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Definition VII: By an end, for the sake of which we do something, I mean a desire.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Definition VIII: By virtue (virtus) and power I mean the same thing; that is (III. vii)…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. I: No positive quality possessed by a false idea is removed by the presence of what is…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. II: We are only passive, in so far as we are apart of Nature, which cannot be conceived…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. III: The force whereby a man persists in existing is limited, and is infinitely surpassed…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. IV: It is impossible, that man should not be a part of Nature, or that he should be…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. V: The power and increase of every passion, and its persistence in existing are not…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. VI: The force of any passion or emotion can overcome the rest of a man's activities or…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. VII: An emotion can only be controlled or destroyed by another emotion contrary thereto…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. VIII: The knowledge of good and evil is nothing else but the emotions of pleasure or…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. IX: An emotion, whereof we conceive the cause to be with us at the present time, is…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. X: Towards something future, which we conceive as close at hand, we are affected more…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XI: An emotion towards that which we conceive as necessary is, when other conditions are…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XII: An emotion towards a thing, which we know not to exist at the present time, and…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XIII: Emotion towards a thing contingent, which we know not to exist in the present, is…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XIV: A true knowledge of good and evil cannot check any emotion by virtue of being true…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XV: Desire arising from the knowledge of good and bad can be quenched or checked by many…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XVI: Desire arising from the knowledge of good and evil, in so far as such knowledge…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XVII: Desire arising from the true knowledge of good and evil, in so far as such…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XVIII: Desire arising from pleasure is, other conditions being equal, stronger than…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XIX: Every man, by the laws of his nature, necessarily desires or shrinks from that which…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XX: The more every man endeavours, and is able to seek what is useful to him, in other…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XXI: No one can desire to be blessed, to act rightly, and to live rightly, without at the…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XXII: No virtue can be conceived as prior to this endeavour to preserve one's own being.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XXIII: Man, in so far as he is determined to a particular action because he has…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XXIV: To act absolutely in obedience to virtue is in us the same thing as to act, to…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XXV: No one wishes to preserve his being for the sake of anything else.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XXVI: Whatsoever we endeavour in obedience to reason is nothing further than to…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XXVII: We know nothing to be certainly good or evil, save such things as really conduce…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XXVIII: The mind's highest good is the knowledge of God, and the mind's highest virtue is…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XXIX: No individual thing, which is entirely different from our own nature, can help or…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XXX: A thing cannot be bad for us through the quality which it has in common with our…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XXXI: In so far as a thing is in harmony with our nature, it is necessarily good.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XXXII: In so far as men are a prey to passion, they cannot, in that respect, be said to…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XXXIII: Men can differ in nature, in so far as they are assailed by those emotions, which…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XXXIV: In so far as men are assailed by emotions which are passions, they can be contrary…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XXXV: In so far only as men live in obedience to reason, do they always necessarily agree…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XXXVI: The highest good of those who follow virtue is common to all, and therefore all…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XXXVII: The good which every man, who follows after virtue, desires for himself he will…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XXXVIII: Whatsoever disposes the human body, so as to render it capable of being affected…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XXXIX: Whatsoever brings about the preservation of the proportion of motion and rest…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XL: Whatsoever conduces to man's social life, or causes men to live together in harmony…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XLI: Pleasure in itself is not bad but good: contrariwise, pain in itself is bad.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XLII: Mirth cannot be excessive, but is always good; contrariwise, Melancholy is always…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XLIII: Stimulation may be excessive and bad; on the other hand, grief may be good, in so…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XLIV: Love and desire may be excessive.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XLV: Hatred can never be good.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XLVI: He, who lives under the guidance of reason, endeavours, as far as possible, to…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XLVII: Emotions of hope and fear cannot be in themselves good.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XLVIII: The emotions of over, esteem and disparagement are always bad.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. XLIX: Over, esteem is apt to render its object proud.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. L: Pity, in a man who lives under the guidance of reason, is in itself bad and useless.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. LI: Approval is not repugnant to reason, but can agree therewith and arise therefrom.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. LII: Self, approval may arise from reason, and that which arises from reason is the…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. LIII: Humility is not a virtue, or does not arise from reason.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. LIV: Repentance is not a virtue, or does not arise from reason; but he who repents of an…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. LV: Extreme pride or dejection indicates extreme ignorance of self.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. LVI: Extreme pride or dejection indicates extreme infirmity of spirit.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. LVII: The proud man delights in the company of flatterers and parasites, but hates the…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. LVIII: Honour (gloria) is not repugnant to reason, but may arise therefrom.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. LIX: To all the actions, whereto we are determined by emotion wherein the mind is…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. LX: Desire arising from a pleasure or pain, that is not attributable to the whole body…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. LXI: Desire which springs from reason cannot be excessive.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. LXII: In so far as the mind conceives a thing under the dictates of reason, it is…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. LXIII: He who is led by fear, and does good in order to escape evil, is not led by reason.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. LXIV: The knowledge of evil is an inadequate knowledge.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. LXV: Under the guidance of reason we should pursue the greater of two goods and the…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. LXVI: We may, under the guidance of reason, seek a greater good in the future in…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. LXVII: A free man thinks of death least of all things; and his wisdom is a meditation not…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. LXVIII: If men were born free, they would, so long as they remained free, form no…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. LXIX: The virtue of a free man is seen to be as great, when it declines dangers, as when…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. LXX: The free man, who lives among the ignorant, strives, as far as he can, to avoid…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. LXXI: Only free men are thoroughly grateful one to another.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. LXXII: The free man never acts fraudulently, but always in good faith.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Prop. LXXIII: The man, who is guided by reason, is more free in a State, where he lives under a…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 4
• Axiom I: If two contrary actions be started in the same subject, a change must necessarily take…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Axiom II: The power of an effect is defined by the power of its cause, in so far as its essence…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. I: Even as thoughts and the ideas of things are arranged and associated in the mind, so…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. II: If we remove a disturbance of the spirit, or emotion, from the thought of an external…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. III: An emotion, which is a passion, ceases to be a passion, as soon as we form a clear…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. IV: There is no modification of the body, whereof we cannot form some clear and distinct…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. V: An emotion towards a thing, which we conceive simply, and not as necessary, or as…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. VI: The mind has greater power over the emotions and is less subject thereto, in so far…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. VII: Emotions which are aroused or spring from reason, if we take account of time, are…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. VIII: An emotion is stronger in proportion to the number of simultaneous concurrent…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. IX: An emotion, which is attributable to many and diverse causes which the mind regards…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. X: So long as we are not assailed by emotions contrary to our nature, we have the power…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XI: In proportion as a mental image is referred to more objects, so is it more frequent…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XII: The mental images of things are more easily associated with the images referred to…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XIII: A mental image is more often vivid, in proportion as it is associated with a…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XIV: The mind can bring it about, that all bodily modifications or images of things may…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XV: He who clearly and distinctly understands himself and his emotions loves God, and so…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XVI: This love towards God must hold the chief place in the mind.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XVII: God is without passions, neither is he affected by any emotion of pleasure or pain.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XVIII: No one can hate God.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XIX: He, who loves God, cannot endeavour that God should love him in return.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XX: This love towards God cannot be stained by the emotion of envy or jealousy…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XXI: The mind can only imagine anything, or remember what is past, while the body endures.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XXII: Nevertheless in God there is necessarily an idea, which expresses the essence of…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XXIII: The human mind cannot be absolutely destroyed with the body, but there remains of…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XXIV: The more we understand particular things, the more do we understand God.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XXV: The highest endeavour of the mind, and the highest virtue is to understand things by…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XXVI: In proportion as the mind is more capable of understanding things by the third kind…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XXVII: From this third kind of knowledge arises the highest possible mental acquiescence.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XXVIII: The endeavour or desire to know things by the third kind of knowledge cannot…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XXIX: Whatsoever the mind understands under the form of eternity, it does not understand…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XXX: Our mind, in so far as it knows itself and the body under the form of eternity, has…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XXXI: The third kind of knowledge depends on the mind, as its formal cause, in so far as…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XXXII: Whatsoever we understand by the third kind of knowledge, we take delight in, and…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XXXIII: The intellectual love of God, which arises from the third kind of knowledge, is…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XXXIV: The mind is, only while the body endures, subject to those emotions which are…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XXXV: God loves himself with an infinite intellectual love.Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XXXVI: The intellectual love of the mind towards God is that very love of God whereby God…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XXXVII: There is nothing in nature, which is contrary to this intellectual love, or which…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XXXVIII: In proportion as the mind understands more things by the second and third kind…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XXXIX: He, who possesses a body capable of the greatest number of activities, possesses a…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XL: In proportion as each thing possesses more of perfection, so is it more active, and…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XLI: Even if we did not know that our mind is eternal, we should still consider as of…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5
• Prop. XLII: Blessedness is not the reward of virtue, but virtue itself; neither do we rejoice…Spinoza, Ethics · Part 5

Treatise44

• Definition I: By *market* I understand any structured arena in which participants exchange…The Spinozan Trader · Part 1
• Definition II: By *price* I understand the emergent equilibrium of intersecting conatuses at a…The Spinozan Trader · Part 1
• Definition III: By *trader* I understand a market participant who assumes directional risk in…The Spinozan Trader · Part 1
• Definition IV: By *conatus* I understand the striving of each thing to persevere in its being…The Spinozan Trader · Part 1
• Definition V: By *affect* I understand a modification of the body by which the body's power of…The Spinozan Trader · Part 1
• Definition VI: By *adequate idea* I understand an idea that represents its object completely…The Spinozan Trader · Part 1
• Definition VII: By *edge* I understand a positive expected value per trade, calculated as the…The Spinozan Trader · Part 1
• Definition VIII: By *risk of ruin* I understand the probability that capital is depleted to…The Spinozan Trader · Part 1
• Definition IX: By *regime* I understand a configuration of market conditions, defined by…The Spinozan Trader · Part 1
• Definition X: By *noise* I understand price movements that are samples from a strategy's normal…The Spinozan Trader · Part 1
• Axiom I: Every market participant strives to persist in being. (Conatus.)The Spinozan Trader · Part 1
• Axiom II: Price at any instant is the equilibrium of all intersecting conatuses expressed…The Spinozan Trader · Part 1
• Axiom III: The causal structure that produces price is too complex for any finite participant…The Spinozan Trader · Part 1
• Axiom IV: A trader's decision to enter, hold, or exit a position is caused. The causes include…The Spinozan Trader · Part 1
• Axiom V: Capital compounds geometrically. A loss of fraction *x* requires a gain of fraction…The Spinozan Trader · Part 1
• Proposition I: The market has no will.The Spinozan Trader · Part 1
• Proposition II: When a participant's conatus is threatened, the affects that arise degrade the…The Spinozan Trader · Part 1
• Proposition III: A trader who does not understand the causes that produced his outcome cannot…The Spinozan Trader · Part 1
• Proposition IV: The distinction between noise and structural failure is the most important…The Spinozan Trader · Part 1
• Proposition V: Participants imitate the affects of those they perceive as similar to…The Spinozan Trader · Part 2
• Proposition VI: Four affects, hope, fear, greed, and revenge, are responsible for more…The Spinozan Trader · Part 2
• Proposition VII: An affect loses its power to govern action in proportion as the trader forms…The Spinozan Trader · Part 2
• Proposition VIII: The imitation of affects, operating through fear, is the mechanism by which…The Spinozan Trader · Part 2
• Proposition IX: Overconfidence, the affect that follows a winning streak, is more dangerous…The Spinozan Trader · Part 2
• Proposition X: The trader who has not experienced a severe drawdown does not know his own…The Spinozan Trader · Part 2
• Proposition XI: Expected value is the only adequate metric for evaluating a trading decision.The Spinozan Trader · Part 3
• Proposition XII: Risk of ruin is the only risk that matters, because ruin is the one outcome…The Spinozan Trader · Part 3
• Proposition XIII: The Kelly criterion identifies the optimal fraction of capital to risk per…The Spinozan Trader · Part 3
• Proposition XIV: Drawdown is a mathematical certainty for any strategy with positive expected…The Spinozan Trader · Part 3
• Proposition XV: The arithmetic of compound growth dictates that survival precedes optimization…The Spinozan Trader · Part 3
• Proposition XVI: Classifying a session by its position relative to the volume-weighted average…The Spinozan Trader · Part 4
• Proposition XVII: The single-decision trade, one entry, one position, one exit at the close, …The Spinozan Trader · Part 4
• Proposition XVIII: The opening thirty-minute range contains information about the session's…The Spinozan Trader · Part 4
• Proposition XIX: Markets operate in regimes, and a strategy that produces positive expected…The Spinozan Trader · Part 4
• Proposition XX: Adding to a winning position increases expected value when and only when the…The Spinozan Trader · Part 4
• Proposition XXI: Mean reversion produces positive expected value under exactly two conditions…The Spinozan Trader · Part 4
• Proposition XXII: A prop firm challenge is a game of geometric disadvantage, and the adequate…The Spinozan Trader · Part 4
• Proposition XXIII: Buying assets with strong conatus at temporarily weak prices produces…The Spinozan Trader · Part 4
• Proposition XXIV: Most trading losses are caused not by bad trades but by trades that should…The Spinozan Trader · Part 5
• Proposition XXV: The trading journal is the mechanism by which a trader converts inadequate…The Spinozan Trader · Part 5
• Proposition XXVI: A daily architecture, a fixed routine of preparation, execution, and…The Spinozan Trader · Part 5
• Proposition XXVII: The trader who lacks a crisis protocol, a set of actions defined before the…The Spinozan Trader · Part 5
• Proposition XXVIII: The trading system is a mode striving to persist, and the trader who…The Spinozan Trader · Part 5
• Proposition XXIX: The adequate trader is free in the only sense the market permits, not…The Spinozan Trader · Part 5

Course45

• What counts as a reason?Euclid's Elements · lesson
• The small rules that carry a proofEuclid's Elements · lesson
• Build your first triangleEuclid's Elements · lesson
• Match triangles, then transfer knowledgeEuclid's Elements · lesson
• Construct a fair splitEuclid's Elements · lesson
• Write a proof someone else can checkEuclid's Elements · lesson
• Know when your assumptions enterEuclid's Elements · lesson
• Prove the triangle angle sumEuclid's Elements · lesson
• Understand squares before memorizing a formulaEuclid's Elements · lesson
• See algebra as an area argumentEuclid's Elements · lesson
• Find a right angle in a circleEuclid's Elements · lesson
• Construction is more than drawingEuclid's Elements · lesson
• Compare ratios without demanding a common unitEuclid's Elements · lesson
• Measure what you cannot reachEuclid's Elements · lesson
• Find what two numbers shareEuclid's Elements · lesson
• Prove that no finite list is enoughEuclid's Elements · lesson
• When no common measuring stick existsEuclid's Elements · lesson
• From flat figures to solid spaceEuclid's Elements · lesson
• Read Spinoza with a geometer’s attentionEuclid's Elements · lesson
• Use reasons without pretending life is a theoremEuclid's Elements · lesson
• Make the reasoning your ownEuclid's Elements · lesson
• Meet the thinker, not the legendSpinoza 101 · lesson
• A book built out of reasonsSpinoza 101 · lesson
• Learn three words that change everythingSpinoza 101 · lesson
• One reality, many real livesSpinoza 101 · lesson
• God without a throneSpinoza 101 · lesson
• If everything has causes, why act?Spinoza 101 · lesson
• One event, two attributesSpinoza 101 · lesson
• Your mind is not a passengerSpinoza 101 · lesson
• Why the obvious can misleadSpinoza 101 · lesson
• More than being accidentally rightSpinoza 101 · lesson
• Find what the cases shareSpinoza 101 · lesson
• Insight is not a hunchSpinoza 101 · lesson
• The effort to keep beingSpinoza 101 · lesson
• Emotions as changes in powerSpinoza 101 · lesson
• How other people get inside your desiresSpinoza 101 · lesson
• Why knowing better is not enoughSpinoza 101 · lesson
• Freedom inside natureSpinoza 101 · lesson
• Give understanding something to doSpinoza 101 · lesson
• Let philosophy and faith ask different questionsSpinoza 101 · lesson
• Build institutions for actual peopleSpinoza 101 · lesson
• Do not edit out the difficult SpinozaSpinoza 101 · lesson
• Eternity is not endless timeSpinoza 101 · lesson
• A joy that does not bargainSpinoza 101 · lesson
• Now make up your own mindSpinoza 101 · lesson

Book1196

• The Physics of AchievementBook · 33 sections · 16,806 words
• The Brutal TruthBook · 114 chapters · 12 definitions · 12 axioms · 92,912 words
• How to Live an Asymmetric LifeBook · 41 chapters · 58,238 words
• The Spinozan TraderBook · 57 chapters · 170 propositions · 129,103 words
• The Spinoza Career GuideBook · 42 chapters · 26,000 words
• The Geometry of ConsentBook · 80 chapters · 24 propositions · 56,724 words

1,190 further sections of these books are searchable above but not listed here.

Page18

• Kutty Stauder: philosophy, markets, and the made worldPage
• The essay libraryPage
• BooksPage
• To Spinoza and BeyondPage
• The Secret DiscoursesPage
• Euclid's Elements: course and proof workshopPage
• Spinoza 101: an illustrated coursePage
• SpinozabotPage
• The Ethics, read livePage
• The geometry of the treatisePage
• The CollegiumPage
• The Dutch East India CompanyPage
• Cutty SarkPage
• Cli GrideratorPage
• Worth exploringPage
• VideosPage
• Trade venturesPage
• About and contactPage