Spinoza's Ethics · Elwes translation
The Ethics, read live.
259 propositions in the geometric order, with their definitions, axioms, postulates, and lemmas. Every citation in every proof is a link to the item it rests on. Click one and it opens in place.
- 259 propositions
- 106 definitions, axioms, postulates, lemmas
- 837 citations resolved
- 5 parts
How to read this
Nothing stands alone.
The Ethics is built like Euclid's Elements: definitions and axioms are assumed, and every proposition rests on what came before it. This edition keeps that structure visible instead of hiding it in a footnote.
Each part has its own page. Every item carries an address: /ethics/part-2/#part2-prop7, say. Citations resolve within a part, across parts, and to the definitions of the emotions in Part III.
The text is the R. H. M. Elwes translation, the same pinned public-domain edition Spinozabot cites (Project Gutenberg 3800). Prefaces and appendices are prose rather than geometric order and are not reproduced here. Spinoza's own notes are kept with the item they follow. 0 citations in the source could not be resolved to an item and remain plain text.